| 更新时间：2005/1/13 作者：纪焕金
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１．with,in
with与in都有“用”之意，但“用”法不同。with表示“用工具”、“用手、口”等。in表示“用语言、 话语或声音”。例如：
Please write the letter in English.
He wrote it with a pen.
２．sone,any
some, any均可用来修饰或代替复数名词或不可数名词，但some主要用于肯定句或肯定答语中，any主要用 于疑问名、否定句（或否定答语）中。在表示邀请、请求、希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中应用some。例如：
—Are there any apples in that basket?
—No,there aren't any. But I can give you some.
There isn't any water in my glass. Would you give me some?
３．take,bring,carry
以说话人为中心，take是把某人或某物从说话者身边“拿走（去）”、“带走（去）”；bring是从别处将 某物或某人带到说话者这里来，译为“拿来”、“带来”。例如：
Take this empty box sway and bring me a full one.
当不以某人为中心从一处到另一处的运动用take。例如：
The No.3 bus will take him there.
carry强调动作的方式，不说明动作的方向，译为“搬、扛、抬”等，有时与take用法相同。例如：
They carried/took the books to the classroom.
Look!They are carrying water.
４．other,the other
other不特指，后面可接单、复数名词。the other特指两者当中的另外一个（或部分）。例如：
Jack and some other girls went shopping.
I have two sisters.One is a teacher,the other is a worker.
５．in a tree, on a tree
这两个短语都有“在树上”之意，但用法不同。表示树上长出的东西，如果实、枝叶等，要用on the tre e；当不属于树上生长的东西，如人或其它物“在树上”时，应用in the tree。例如：
There are some birds in the tree.
There are lots of apples on that tree.
６．by bike,on a bike
by后表交通工具的名词须用单数，而且其前一般无冠词或其它修饰词。若名词前有冠词或其它修饰词，则 应用其它介词，如on,in,而不用by。另外注意onfoot（步行）。例如：
I often go to school by bike.But sometimes on a bus or on foot.
７．speak,say,talk, tell
say是“说出”、“说过”，强调所说的内容。speak重在“讲”，着重开口发声，不强调讲话内容，一般 作不及物动词。作及物动词时，其宾语通常是表语言、真理的名词。talk有“交谈”之意，有较强的对答、讨 论意味，多作不及物动词。tell重在“告诉”。此外“讲故事”也用tell。例如：
Can you say it in English?
Can you speak English?
He is talking with his English teacher.
Can you tell me about it?
８．see,look(at),watch,read
see作“看到”讲，指结果。look指有目的地去看，具有一定的主动性，接宾语时须与at连用。watch有“ 观看”之意，通常指观看正在动的东西。例如：
The old man looked at the blackboard,but he saw nothing.
They are watching a football match.
注意：watch TV（看电视），see a film（看电影）。
read着重“看”带有文字内容的书、报等。例如：
He is reading a newspaper（报纸）.
９．have,there be
have表某人或某物本身“拥有”，there be表某处“有（存在）”某物（或人）。例如：
I have lots of friends.
There is a pen in my pencil-box.
有时二者用法相同。例如：
There are lots of apples on the tree.
The tree has lots of apples on it.
１０．put on,wear,be in
put on强调“穿戴”的动作，wear指“穿戴”的状态。put on与wear均可指穿衣（鞋）、戴帽（眼镜）等 。be in也表穿着的状态。例如：
It's cold outside. Put on your coat,please.
They are all in (wearing)white clothes.
１１．one,it
二者均为代词，都可用来代替单数名词，但用法有别。it是特指上文所提过的东西，one是泛指与上文所提 的东西同类中的一个，不特指。one单独使用时前面无冠词。但当one受形容词修饰时，其前应加不定冠词，也 可在其前加定冠词，表示特指。例如：
—Do you have a ruler?
—Yes,I have one.I have a new one.
—Could I borrow it?
—Certainly.
１２．teach sb.English
teach后可接双宾语。例如：
【误】He will teach our English this term.
【正】He will teach us English this term.
１３．too,very,much,very much
too有否定含义，表示“太”、“过于”。例如：
The coat is too small for me. I'll have to get a bigger one.
very,much,very much均有：“很”、“非常”之意，但注意它们的区别：
very修饰形容词或副词，不能直接修饰动词，修饰动词要用much或very much。例如：
Li Lei is very strong.
I like English(very) much.
修饰形容词或副词比较级表程度时，用much而不用very。但much不可用来修饰原级。例如：
He is much taller than I.
１４．house,family,home
family指“家庭”“家人”，与房屋无关，着重家庭成员。house指人居住的房屋，属建筑物。home指自己 和家人住的地方。包括房屋及室内的各种家俱，有强烈的个人感情上的联系。例如：
There are two families living in this house.
There are three people in my family.
My home is in Shanghai.＊
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